引言
在英语学习中,both、either、neither 和 all 是常见但容易混淆的词汇。
它们用于指代两个或多个对象,但在数量、肯定/否定含义以及句法结构上存在显著差异。
本专题将通过清晰解释与实用例句,帮助你彻底掌握它们的用法。
1. both(两者都)
含义:用于指“两个人或物都……”,表示肯定。
结构:
- both + 名词复数
- both of + the/these/my + 名词复数
- both 可作主语、宾语或同位语
Both books are interesting.
I like both of these movies.
They both passed the exam.
2. either(两者之一)
含义:用于指“两个中的任意一个”,常用于肯定句,表示选择其一。
注意:通常用于两者之间;三者及以上应使用 any。
You can take either path.
Either of the answers is correct.
I don’t like either shirt.(口语中常见,正式写作建议用:I like neither shirt.)
3. neither(两者都不)
含义:表示“两个都不……”,是否定含义。
结构:与 either 类似,但语义相反。
Neither candidate was qualified.
I like neither of these options.
Neither of them has arrived yet.
小贴士:“Neither do I” 是对否定句的附和(如:I don’t like coffee. → Neither do I.)
4. all(全部)
含义:指“三个或以上的人或物全部……”,也可泛指整体。
结构:
- all + 不可数名词 / 复数名词
- all of + the/these/my + 名词
- all 可作主语、宾语、同位语等
All students must attend the meeting.
All of the water was polluted.
They all agreed with the plan.
对比总结
| 词 |
数量范围 |
肯定/否定 |
示例 |
| both |
两者 |
肯定 |
Both cats are black. |
| either |
两者 |
肯定(任选其一) |
Either door works. |
| neither |
两者 |
否定 |
Neither answer is right. |
| all |
三者及以上 / 整体 |
肯定 |
All guests enjoyed dinner. |
常见错误提醒
- ❌ “Both of them doesn’t like it.” → ✅ “Both of them don’t like it.”(both 作主语时,动词用复数)
- ❌ “I like either of the three.” → ✅ “I like any of the three.”(三者以上不用 either)
- ❌ “All of the informations are useful.” → ✅ “All of the information is useful.”(information 不可数)